Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of the Chinese nation. We should inherit and promote the cause of traditional Chinese medicine in our country. There are not only many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, but also different ingredients in each medicine. The content of different kinds of ingredients in the same medicine will be different. The same kind of effective ingredients are also affected by the origin, cultivation methods, production environment, etc. Therefore, the study of traditional Chinese medicine is an arduous and important task.

In the past, because of the backward analytical skills, people took traditional Chinese medicine with reference to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and could not explore the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, which made us unable to recognize the material basis of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, leading European and American countries to think that traditional Chinese medicine is pseudoscience. This requires us to analyze and clarify the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, so that other countries can realize that there are indeed medicinal active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. In fact, the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine are extremely useful. For example, Mr. Chen Kehui, a pharmacologist at Peking Union Medical College, extracted ephedrine from Ephedra, which shocked the pharmaceutical industry [1]. Ephedrine plays a good role in preventing bronchial asthma and alleviating mild asthma [2]. Tu Youyou, a pharmacist, proposed artemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua. Artemisinin has a good effect on malaria treatment [3], saving thousands of people suffering from malaria. The analysis of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can not only make us realize some new active compounds, but also bring many benefits, such as convenient for the scientific extraction and fabrication of traditional Chinese medicine, convenient for the clarification of the efficacy mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, convenient for the quality detection of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, convenient for drug screening and new drug composition, etc. In view of this, the analysis of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine is extremely important. With the continuous progress of modern chemical analysis skills, more and more analysis skills are used for the analysis of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine. Now we will outline the analysis methods of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, introduce some new methods, and discuss and prospect their prospects.